Modern Colorant Chemistry

Monday 8th - Tuesday 9th July 2002
£650 or Eur.1,045 per registrant, including one nights accommodation and all meals
One could argue that the colorant is the most important component of any printing system, as it actually forms the visual image. Yet the issues concerning colorant behaviour and choice are often less well understood than the "delivery" systems themselves.

This course is intended for ink jet chemists, system developers, and anyone specifying inks or just curious. An understanding of chemistry will be useful but not essential to understanding the properties of colorants and how they can be selected and used within modern electrophotographic toners and ink jet inks.

This course will be led by Professor Peter Gregory of Avecia Ink Jet Printing Materials. Peter is recognised as one of the world’s experts in this field, and is credited with many of the technology advances made in recent years that has resulted in Avecia becoming a leader in the industry.

Professor Peter Gregory
Group Leader/Company Research Associate
Avecia Ink Jet Printing Materials

Professor Gregory is a recognised world expert on colour chemistry, particularly for high technology applications. He was the first industrial chemist to receive the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Interdisciplinary Award in 1996.

He has published over 100 patents and numerous literature papers on dyes, including colour-structure and structure-toxicology relationships. He is the author of the book "High Technology Applications of Organic Colorants", co-author of the book "Organic Chemistry in Colour" and editor of the book "Chemistry and Technology of Printing and Imaging Systems". He is also author of several chapters on various aspects of dyes. Professor Gregory regularly speaks at and chairs international conferences on colorants.

Professor Gregory obtained his degree in chemistry from Salford University and has spent his working life in the Research Department at Blackley, initially for ICI, followed by Zeneca, AstraZeneca and currently Avecia. His early research was on novel dyes for textiles, followed by 4 years in a non-colours area, biocides, before resuming research into dyes for high technology applications in 1984. He has considerable experience of all the non-impact printing technologies, particularly in the three major ones of electrophotography, thermal and ink jet. He successfully led the research for thermal transfer dyes for electronic photography, electro-photographic chemicals and infra-red absorbers, and is now leading the research for ink jet dyes.

oCourse Outline
Monday, 8th July 2002

11.00 am - 2.00 pm Registration

2.00 pm Opening session

Welcome & Introductions
Alvin G. Keene, President
Information Management Institute, Inc.

Development of Dyes: Natural Dyes and Perkin Era
o Natural dyes: Origin, structure, chemistry
o Synthetic dyes: Major discoveries, serendipity
o Natural versus synthetic dyes: Pros and cons

Azo Dyes: Synthesis and Properties
o Synthesis of azo dyes - diazotisation and coupling
o Azo/hydrazone and azonium/ammonium tautomerism
o Colour-structure relationships

Phthalocyanine Dyes and Pigments
o Serendipity strikes again
o Nature’s porphyrins versus man-made phthalocyanines
o Colour-structure relationships
o Properties
o Traditional and hi-tech applications

 Miscellaneous Dyes
o Indigoid dyes, colour-structure relationships and properties
o Anthraquinone dyes, colour-structure relationships and properties
o Other important dye classes, e.g. vats, triphendioxazines and benzodifuranones

5.00 pm Adjournment

7.30 pm Dinner

Overnight accommodation at Clare College

 Tuesday 9th July 2002

8.15 - 9.00 am Breakfast
9.00 am Session 2

Pigments
o History of pigments
o Pigment properties/uses
o Inorganic pigments
o Organic pigments
o Special effect pigments
o Organic versus inorganic pigments

Colorant Types, Toxicology and Registration
o Historical perspectives
o Dyes and pigments - similarities/differences
o Classification of dyes, i.e. acid, reactive, disperse, solvent, etc
o Colorant nomenclature
o General and future trends of colorants
o Toxicology and registration of dyes, including carcinogens and their mode of action

Colorant Application and Fastness Properties
o Substrate types and structures
o Colorant-substrate interactions
o Water fastness
o Lightfastness/photofading mechanisms of major colorant classes
o Photochromism/metamerism

Colour Physics
o Origin and language of colour
o Measurement of colour
o Colours of dyes – explanation of
o Brightness and dullness of dyes - relationship to chemical structure

12.30 - 1.30 pm Lunch

Lunch will be served in the Old Hall
 1.30 pm Session 3

Non-Impact Printing Applications of Dyes and Pigments
o Ink jet printing – (accidental) discovery
- process
- colorants/inks
o Electrophotography
- process
- toners/organic photoconductors(OPCs)
- colorants
o Thermal printing - direct thermal printing
- colour formers
- developers
- sensitisers
o Thermal printing - thermal transfer
- wax
- D2T2

Hi-Tech Uses of Colorants (excluding NIP)
o Infrared absorbers in optical data storage and security
o Singlet oxygen generators in photodynamic therapy
o Electronic materials
- flat panel displays
- light emitting polymers
- small molecules
- organic semiconductors

4.00 pm Adjournment